Is Maltodextrin Safe? Dangers and Substitutes

Maltodextrin is a common food additive widely used as a bulking agent, filler, and preservative. But is maltodextrin safe? 

Consuming maltodextrin isn’t a healthy choice, as it rapidly elevates blood sugar, may disrupt the gut microbiome, and can increase the risk of metabolic diseases.

Discover the hidden dangers of maltodextrin, explore common food sources, and learn about healthier substitutes that don’t compromise your health. 

What is maltodextrin?

Maltodextrin is a highly processed starch derived from corn, rice, wheat, or potato starch. 

It’s produced through starch hydrolysis, a process in which acids or enzymes are used to break down starch molecules into shorter glucose chains, resulting in a fine, white powder with minimal taste or odor. 

Maltodextrin is a refined carbohydrate that’s water-soluble and easily digestible, making it a versatile ingredient for various food applications. 

In addition, maltodextrin is commonly used by athletes and bodybuilders to fuel performance and replenish glycogen stores after exercise.

There are two primary forms of maltodextrin: digestible and digestion-resistant maltodextrin. 

Digestible maltodextrin has a neutral taste and is most commonly used in processed foods as a bulking agent, thickener, or anticaking agent to improve the texture, shelf life, and mouthfeel of products.

Conversely, resistant maltodextrin is typically produced by further modifying digestible maltodextrin with enzymes. 

It resists digestion in the small intestine, functioning more as a dietary fiber, which explains its use in dietetic products aimed to promote weight management or digestive health.

However, despite its many uses, maltodextrin has been linked to various health issues and may not be safe if consumed regularly. 

Watch the video below to learn why maltodextrin is the number one worst ingredient in the world.  

Dangers of maltodextrin

Although the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recognized maltodextrin as safe, it has been linked to several adverse effects on metabolic balance and general health.

Here are four surprising dangers of maltodextrin.

1. It’s genetically modified

Although it can be produced from other sources, maltodextrin is primarily derived from genetically modified (GMO) corn, which is often contaminated with the chemical herbicide glyphosate. 

In 2015, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) released a report classifying glyphosate as “probably carcinogenic to humans,” meaning that regular exposure likely increases cancer risk.¹ 

Chemical herbicides like glyphosate are also associated with antibiotic resistance, reproductive harm, organ damage, and other serious health issues.

A study published in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences confirms this, highlighting that glyphosate significantly impaired kidney and liver function in animals.² 

2. Contributes to poor metabolic health 

Maltodextrin is a starch with a higher glycemic index than table sugar, meaning it raises blood sugar levels more quickly. Although it’s classified as a starch, its impact on blood glucose levels can be even greater than that of pure sugar.

“The problem with maltodextrin is that it behaves like sugar, but it’s not listed as sugar on ingredient labels,” explains Dr. Berg. “This means you could be spiking your blood sugar levels repeatedly without knowing it.”

Chronically elevated blood sugar levels can lead to several cardiometabolic health issues,  including insulin resistance, a condition characterized by the cells’ inability to absorb blood sugar effectively. 

Insulin resistance is a serious metabolic imbalance linked to the development of type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, heart disease, and obesity.

3. May disrupt the gut microbiome

Maltodextrin has been found to alter the gut microbiome by suppressing the proliferation of beneficial probiotic microbes while promoting the growth of harmful bacteria, including pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Salmonella.

This modified starch can also trigger or exacerbate intestinal inflammation, inhibit immune function, and weaken the protective intestinal mucus layer. 

A damaged gut barrier increases the risk of infection and imbalanced inflammatory responses, which have been associated with conditions such as Crohn’s disease and other types of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

A study published in PLOS One summarizes “Maltodextrin enhances E. coli adhesion and suggests a mechanism by which Western diets rich in specific polysaccharides may promote dysbiosis of gut microbes and contribute to disease susceptibility.”³

4. Triggers cravings and weight gain

Maltodextrin is rapidly digested in the small intestine, resulting in a significant increase in blood sugar levels. This blood sugar rise triggers the pancreas to release insulin, which facilitates the movement of glucose into cells, thereby bringing blood sugar levels back within the normal range. 

This sharp rise and drop in blood sugar can lead to unstable energy levels, commonly known as blood-sugar crashes. This can cause powerful sugar and carb cravings as the body attempts to restore balance.

Over time, constant cravings and snacking can lead to increased calorie consumption and unintended weight gain, linked to various health issues.  

Additionally, maltodextrin is a calorie-dense additive, providing four calories per gram, the same as sugar, while offering virtually no nutritional value.

What foods contain maltodextrin? 

Maltodextrin can be found in nearly every major food category, including candies, baked goods, beverages, dairy products, and processed snacks. 

It’s also commonly used in fast and pre-packaged foods, such as sports drinks, chips, crackers, cookies, instant noodles, and frozen meals.

Worryingly, many products marketed as healthy or diet-friendly, including those labeled gluten-free, low-sugar, low-fat, or keto-friendly, often contain maltodextrin.

This is because maltodextrin provides a similar mouthfeel to fat or sugar, which allows manufacturers to maintain a consistent texture while reducing the total fat or sugar content. 

Artificial sweeteners, such as Splenda and other sucralose products, are also a primary source of maltodextrin, which is added to improve texture, bulk, and stability in the final consumer product.

Additionally, maltodextrin is used in dietary supplements, including protein powders and bars, meal replacement shakes, fiber supplements, and vitamins. This explains why it’s essential to read labels carefully to identify hidden sources of maltodextrin. 

It’s vital to understand that maltodextrin can be listed under different names, including modified cornstarch, cornstarch, modified food starch, glucose polymer, and dextrin. It can also be added under even more inconspicuous labels, such as rice starch or natural flavors. 

Healthy maltodextrin substitutes

Due to its high glycemic index and impact on the gut microbiome, individuals seeking to manage blood sugar levels or support digestive health should avoid maltodextrin.

Fortunately, several healthier alternatives are available to sweeten or bulk up recipes. 

Stevia, monk fruit extract, erythritol, and allulose are suitable substitutes that have minimal impact on blood sugar levels. 

Because they don’t significantly raise blood sugar or insulin, these keto-friendly sweeteners are popular options for low-carb dieters managing their carbohydrate intake.

Keep in mind that non-nutritive sweeteners are often blended with maltodextrin, which can undermine their potential metabolic benefits. Instead, look for options that contain pure extracts or are combined with other keto-friendly sweeteners.

To thicken recipes without the need for maltodextrin, ingredients such as guar gum, pectin, xanthan gum, and arrowroot starch are good options. 

Additionally, athletes who use maltodextrin to boost endurance or strength performance should opt for products that use ingredients such as inulin, also known as chicory root fiber, psyllium husk, or powdered fats derived from coconut, instead.

FAQ

Sources

1. https://www.iarc.who.int/wp-content/uploads/ ?
2. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8618927/ ?
3. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23251695/ ?