Copper Toxicity and IUDs

While copper intrauterine devices (IUDs) are a popular choice for hormone-free birth control, they may pose certain health risks, including copper toxicity.

Copper toxicity IUD concerns have become increasingly relevant as more women opt for non-hormonal birth control options.

Uncover common signs of copper toxicity and explore effective strategies to maintain a healthy copper balance.

What is copper toxicity?

Copper is an essential trace element that supports numerous vital physiological functions, including red blood cell production, immune system health, and central nervous system integrity.

However, excessive copper accumulation can disrupt normal cellular functions, potentially leading to copper toxicity, also known as copperiedus.

Copper toxicity is often linked to long-term copper exposure from sources such as cookware, drinking water, dietary supplements, and contraceptive methods such as IUDs.

Acute copper exposure is rare but can result from accidental ingestion of copper salts, certain medications, or environmental contamination in industrial settings. 

Overuse of copper salt compresses, a traditional remedy for infections and inflammation, can also lead to excessive copper absorption and potential toxicity.

Under normal circumstances, blood copper levels range from approximately 60 to 140 micrograms per deciliter (mcg/dL). Levels above 140 mcg/dL indicate severe copper toxicity, while levels below 60 mcg/dL may suggest a copper deficiency.

Copper toxicity can have widespread effects, potentially impacting the brain, liver, and other vital organs.

Watch the video below to learn why birth control can contribute to copper overload.

Symptoms of copper toxicity

Symptoms of copper toxicity can be wide-ranging and may vary in intensity, which explains why early warning signs often go unnoticed or are attributed to other health conditions.

Among the most common signs are brain fog and mood changes, including depression, irritability, and difficulty focusing.

Copper toxicity can also cause insomnia, leading to chronic fatigue. Additionally, some individuals may experience increased skin sensitivity or notice white spots appearing on their nails.

As copper levels continue to rise, more severe issues can develop. These include:

• Learning difficulties
• Nausea
• Diarrhea
• Hyperactivity 
• Changes in sensory processing
• Persistent headaches and migraines
• Metallic taste in the mouth
• Black tarry stools
• Gastrointestinal distress
• Low blood pressure
• Iron deficiency
• Zinc deficiency
  

In severe cases, untreated copper toxicity may cause a widespread inflammatory reaction, damaging vital organs such as the liver, kidneys, brain, eyes, and heart.

If you suspect copper exposure or have developed symptoms of copper toxicity, it’s crucial to seek guidance from a medical professional. 

A doctor can help confirm a diagnosis and guide treatment by testing copper levels in the blood, urine, and hair, as well as assessing related markers like ceruloplasmin, a protein that helps transport copper in the bloodstream.

Low levels of ceruloplasmin may signify copper accumulation in the tissues rather than the bloodstream, suggesting toxicity. On the other hand, elevated ceruloplasmin levels could point to other underlying issues related to copper metabolism.

Can an IUD cause copper toxicity?

One significant contributor to copper toxicity can be the use of intrauterine devices (IUDs), such as the Paragard® IUD, which uses copper wire coiled around the device to help prevent pregnancy.

The Paragard device, while hormone-free, introduces copper directly into the uterine environment, potentially leading to an increase in copper levels over time. This can manifest in various symptoms that may not immediately be linked to the device.

“Copper from an IUD can raise copper levels and deplete zinc,” explains Dr. Berg. “This imbalance disrupts hormonal balance, as elevated copper increases estrogen, which increases copper retention, creating a vicious cycle of worsening symptoms and further hormonal disruption.”

This is why it’s vital, especially for copper IUD users, to fully understand the potential symptoms of copper toxicity and consult a medical professional for personalized advice. 

Regular testing of copper levels through blood, urine, or hair analysis can help detect any imbalances early and guide tailored treatment to ensure optimal health.

Other potential causes of copper toxicity

An IUD is just one potential contributor to copper imbalance, as copper toxicity can also arise from various environmental and dietary sources.

According to evidence published in Statpearls, “Many instances of copper toxicity are often the result of accidental consumption of contaminated water sources, copper salt-containing topical creams for burn treatments, [or] acidic foods cooked in uncoated copper cookware.”

Although rare, consuming large quantities of copper-rich foods such as shellfish, dark chocolate, nuts, and seeds can also compound copper levels, especially in individuals at increased risk of toxicity or those with specific preexisting health conditions.

Additionally, optimal digestive tract function plays a crucial role in regulating mineral balance, including copper. 

Inadequate bile flow can impair the body’s ability to eliminate excess copper. When bile flow is reduced, copper may accumulate in the liver and other tissues, potentially leading to toxicity.

Hormonal birth control methods can also influence copper levels by elevating estrogen, which stimulates copper retention and can increase the risk of copper overload. 

Furthermore, impaired liver function or genetic disorders, such as Wilson’s disease, can hinder the body’s ability to excrete copper properly, leading to its accumulation over time.

Tips for combating copper overload naturally

If you suspect or have been diagnosed with copper overload, it’s important to seek medical supervision. Under professional guidance, you can take natural, practical steps to help restore healthy copper levels.

Here are three tips for combating copper overload naturally.

1. Support optimal zinc levels

One of the most effective strategies to counteract copper overload involves increasing zinc intake, as this essential mineral competes with copper for intestinal absorption.

Some of the best dietary sources of zinc include red meat, seafood, dairy, and eggs. You may also consider a high-quality zinc supplement, such as zinc carnosine or zinc picolinate, depending on your individual needs.

2. Promote hormonal balance

Balancing estrogen is another effective approach, as excess estrogen levels stimulate copper retention. 

Plant-derived compounds, such as diindolylmethane (DIM) found in cruciferous vegetables, have been found to support estrogen metabolism, thereby promoting hormonal and copper balance.

Adjusting or changing birth control methods can also help balance estrogen levels and limit copper exposure. However, it’s critical to discuss any changes with a healthcare professional to ensure the best course of action for your individual needs.

3. Maintain a diverse gut microbiome

Supporting a diverse gut microbiome may further enhance copper balance. 

Research published in Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research highlights the role of the intestinal microbiota in regulating micronutrient absorption and bioavailability, including trace minerals. 

Consuming plenty of probiotic foods, such as kefir, sauerkraut, and kimchi, can promote the growth of beneficial bacteria, supporting optimal nutrient absorption and hormonal balance. This may help reduce excess copper levels and alleviate symptoms of toxicity.

Key takeaways

Copper toxicity from IUDs highlights the importance of understanding how reproductive health management strategies can influence copper levels.

If left unaddressed, excessive copper levels can lead to mood swings, fatigue, and impaired cognitive function. In severe cases, copper toxicity can result in serious health issues such as liver damage, kidney failure, heart disease, or neurological disorders.

Limiting copper exposure, balancing estrogen levels, promoting a diverse microbiome, and consuming adequate amounts of zinc are vital steps in maintaining trace mineral balance and minimizing the risk of copper toxicity. 

FAQ

Sources

1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557456/ 
2. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S245196502100082X